The invention discloses a symmetric rotary opening and closing roof comprising a movable steel roof truss and a fixed steel roof truss which are coaxially arranged in a top-bottom manner. Multiple arc-shaped curved roof faces are arranged on the fixed steel roof truss, multiple arc-shaped curved roof faces are arranged on the movable steel roof truss, the arc-shaped curved roof faces on the fixed steel roof truss and those on the movable steel roof truss are arranged alternately, the movable steel roof truss is composed of a bottom ring beam, a top ring beam and arched beams connecting the top ring beam with the bottom ring beam, the fixed steel roof truss is composed of a bottom ring beam or a fixed base, a top ring beam and arched beams connecting the top ring beam with the bottom ring beam or the fixed base, an annular rail is arranged on at least one of the bottom ring beam or the fixed base and the top ring beam of the fixed steel roof truss, and roller sets matched with the annular rails are arranged on the bottom ring beam and/or the top ring beam of the movable steel roof truss. The symmetric rotary opening and closing roof is reasonable in structure, symmetric, compact, short in opening stroke, quick in opening and conducive to use in various building places.