The invention relates to a method for recognizing close and open loops of a power grid based on topology analysis, and the method is based on a real-time power grid data model and section, takes a generator set / equivalent line and an equivalent power line as a starting point, carries out the depth-first search analysis of power grid equipment and equipment states through network topology analysis, enables equipment to be divided into an electrical island and a bus number according to the dynamic connection relation of equipment, carries out the analysis of the electrical island and the bus number, and achieves the recognition of the loop closing and opening operations of the power grid. The method can quickly and precisely calculate the loop closing and opening regulation, effectively recognizes the change of an important operation mode of the power grid, provides a basis for the operation analysis of the power grid (the available rate of the analysis results is not less than 99%), facilitates the reduction of a remote operation risk, and improves the safety of remote operation regulation. Moreover, compared with the prior art, the method remarkably improves the operation performance.