The invention relates to the technical field of computers, in particular to a self-cleaning computer with a back-blowing device. The self-cleaning computer with the back-blowing device comprises a case, an air blowing device, a dust storage device and an air suction fan, wherein the air blowing device comprises an air blower, a ventilating pipe and air blowing ports, the air blower is installed on the inner side of the bottom portion of the case, the ventilating pipe is horizontally connected at the air outlet of the air blower and the air blowing ports are distributed in the upper surface of the pipe wall of the ventilating pipe; the dust storage device comprises a storage box, a storage bag and a sliding door, an opening is formed in the top portion of the case, the storage box communicated with the inner chamber of the case is fixedly installed at the opening, the storage bag communicated with the inner chamber of the case is arranged in the storage box, the sliding door is arranged on the side surface of the storage box, and the air suction port of the air suction fan is located in the storage box on the outer side of the storage bag. The self-cleaning computer with the back-blowing device has the advantages that the structure is reasonable and compact, the use is facilitated, the structure is simple, the operation is facilitated, the dust can be self-cleaned, the heat radiating effect of the computer is improved and the fault rate and maintenance cost are reduced.