The invention provides a method for positioning a dynamic harmonic wave source. The method comprises a step (1) of fixing a synchronous measurement network and performing observability analysis in an power grid; a step (2) of determining the position and number of mobile measurement points according to a mobile measurement device sharing principle; a step (3) of constructing a fixed measurement network and a mobile measurement network; a step (4) of carrying out state estimation based on harmonic waves of the mobile measurement network; a step (5) of adjusting the position of the mobile measurement points to reconstruct a mobile measurement network; a step (6) of carrying out tile and hierarchical progressive positioning based on the mobile measurement network; and a step (7) of positioning a harmonic wave source to obtain the whole distribution of the harmonic wave source in the power grid. According to the method provided by the invention, the mobile measurement network is reconstructed according to the distribution and change of the harmonic wave source to achieve full grid monitoring with the minimum number of measurement points. A harmonic wave source tile and hierarchical progressive positioning method based on a grid structure is brought forward, the distributed position of harmonic waves is determined starting from a power grid of highest-grade voltage, and then a harmonic wave source is continuously searched in a power grid of a next level until the harmonic wave source point is positioned.