The invention relates to a carbonation reaction device, in particular to a pressurized carbonation reaction device and method. The pressurized carbonation reaction device comprises an atomization gas tank, a plurality of compressors, a plurality of buffer tanks, a plurality of preheaters, a pressurized liquid tank, a nozzle, a stock tank, a carbon dioxide tank, a high pressure reactor, a crude product tank, a stock pump, a plurality of pressure display gauges, a plurality of temperature control and display gauges and a plurality of back pressure valves. Solid materials are dissolved in a dissolvent to obtain liquid materials which are stored in the stock tank; gas in the carbon dioxide tank is fed into the high pressure reactor, the temperature of the high temperature reactor and the pressurized liquid tank is controlled, the liquid materials are pumped into the pressurized liquid tank via the stock pump, and pressure difference is guaranteed between the pressurized liquid tank and the high pressure reactor; a second check valve is turned on, and the liquid materials react with carbon dioxide atmosphere in the high pressure reactor after being atomized by the nozzle under the condition of stable pressure difference between the high pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank; when the liquid materials in the high pressure reactor is at the corresponding liquid level, a fifth check valve is turned on for continuous discharge so as to obtain a reaction product.