A sugar juice evaporation device includes a first evaporation tank, a second evaporation tank, a third evaporation tank, a fourth evaporation tank, a fifth evaporation tank, a sixth evaporation tank and a condenser that are sequentially connected, as well as a microfiltration device, wherein the microfiltration device is connected between the second evaporation tank and the third evaporation tank, or connected between the third evaporation tank and the fourth evaporation tank, and includes a first heat exchanger, a first cushion cylinder, a multi-stage ceramic membrane microfiltration system, a second cushion cylinder and a second heat exchanger that are connected in sequence. The multi-stage ceramic membrane microfiltration system can be used for effectively removing sediment of sugar juice generated after first evaporation and second evaporation, and then the filtered sugar juice is subjected to third evaporation and concentration, so that sediment generated after evaporation is prevented from causing adverse effect on follow-up sections, and quality of sugar juice and grade of commercial sugar are improved.