A small hydropower station group optimization regulating and control system which comprises an upper automatic system server, an energy management system main station and a distributed small hydropower station group. The energy management system main station comprises an energy management system server, a work station, a switch, a small hydropower station group operation controller, a firewall, a front-end processor and a public network router. The energy management system main station exchanges data with the upper automatic system server and other equipment of the main station through an electric power data network switch and a distribution network regulating and control layer switch. The small hydropower station group comprises a plurality of scattered small hydropower stations. Each small hydropower station is accessed into a substation bus or circuit through own transformer. A control system is mounted in each small hydropower station. Each control system comprises a wireless communication module, a data collecting and processing module, an excitation control module and a valve control module. The small hydropower station group exchanges data with the energy management system main station through the wireless communication modules. By the system, the small hydropower station group optimization regulating and control problem can be solved.