The invention relates to a safety protective device for protecting a vehicle against shock wave damage. The safety protective device comprises an explosion flash detector, an explosion early warning receiver, a monitoring system, a ground touching system and a vacuumizing system. According to the safety protective device and method for protecting the vehicle against shock wave damage, the mature flash induction system, the vacuumizing technology, the sealing technology and the like in traditional industries are applied to shock wave damage prevention of the vehicle; the action of overpressure caused by shock waves to the vehicle is resisted by adsorbing the vehicle onto the ground so that the vehicle can survive under the action of the shock waves produced by weapon explosion; the safety protective device can resist damage of the shock waves at different stages only by adjusting the vacuum degree of the vehicle and the ground, and the requirements of different battlefield environments can be met; the safety protective device is simple in structure, high in response speed and high in reliability, and has little influence on the maneuvering characteristics and combat performance of the vehicle, the integration of the safety protective device and the vehicle is high, and the weight and size of the vehicle are increased not obviously.