The invention discloses a hydraulic concrete structure using ceramic plates as a protective layer. The hydraulic concrete structure using the ceramic plates as the protective layer comprises a hydraulic concrete structure body. A plurality of expansion bolts are arranged on the hydraulic concrete structure body. A plurality of ceramic plates are arranged on the outside of the hydraulic concrete structure body. The upper end and the lower end of each ceramic plate are connected with the corresponding expansion bolt through connecting pieces respectively. The ceramic plates and the hydraulic concrete structure body are bonded together through bonding mortar. The invention further discloses a construction process of the hydraulic concrete structure. The size of blocks can be large or small, operation is easy and convenient, and construction is quite easy. Due to the excellent corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of ceramic materials, the hydraulic concrete structure can resist against various corrosion conditions caused by acid, alkali, salt and seawater. The hydraulic concrete structure is quite low in water absorption and good in freezing-thawing damaging resistance. The hydraulic concrete structure is high in hardness, and can resist against ice impact. The surface of the hydraulic concrete structure is glazed, so the hydraulic concrete structure is basically waterproof, is low in surface energy, enables a gate pier, a bridge pier and the other hydraulic structures to be more durable and more beautiful, saves repairing expenses, and meets the requirements of currently developing landscape water conservancy and ecological water conservancy.