The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for an unmanned test station. The purposes of automatically treating a natural pollution test station and performing automatic fault alarm are achieved by acquiring first change information of equipment in a power supply box; judging whether the change information of the equipment in the power supply box exceeds a preset first change range; if the change information of the equipment in the power supply box exceeds the preset first change range, reducing the output voltage in a preset percent of the equipment in the power supply box; if the output voltage of the equipment in the power supply box recovers to the preset rated voltage within preset time, acquiring second change information of the equipment in the power supply box; judging whether the change information of the equipment in the power supply box exceeds a preset second change range; if the change information of the equipment in the power supply box exceeds the preset second change range, turning off the power of the equipment in the power supply box through a short message alarm system, and sending a short message to a manager, wherein the short message is used for informing the manager to solve the problem of the test station.