The invention provides a distribution transformer winding material detection system and method. The distribution transformer winding material detection system comprises a heating device, a curve acquisition device, a storage device and a matching device, wherein the heating device is for heating a to-be-detected distribution transformer winding; the curve acquisition device is for acquiring a detection curve, changing with the temperature of the winding, of the direct current resistance of the to-be-detected distribution transformer winding; the storage device is for storing a standard curve, changing with the temperature of the winding, of the direct current resistance of a standard distribution transformer winding made of a known winding material; and the matching device is used for matching the detection curve and the standard curve. According to the provided distribution transformer winding material detection system and method, the accuracy for field detection of the distribution transformer winding material is improved through matching of the temperature-resistance curve of the distribution transformer winding.