The invention belongs to the field of renewable energy buildings and relates to a phase change heat storage lightweight wall-based high-performance solar air heating system, comprising a solar air heat collector, a phase change heat storage lightweight wall and a floor layer. An inner surface layer of the phase change heat storage lightweight wall is made of cement combined and set phase change material plates; a middle layer of the phase change heat storage lightweight wall is composed of a wall air passages; the outer surface layer is made of lightweight wall material plates. A bottom layer of the floor layer is an insulation material layer. The space around and above the air passages of the middle layer is filled with cement combined and set phase change mortar and is tamped and leveled; the upper layer of the floor layer is made of a floor facing layer. The air passages of the phase change heat storage lightweight wall are in series connection with the corresponding air passages, forming a unit; air channels of the unit are connected in parallel through pipe; the unit is serially connected in order with a reflow pipe, a reflow valve, a ventilator, the solar air heat collector, an air supply pipe and an air supply valve. The phase change heat storage lightweight wall-based high-performance solar air heating system is capable of keeping indoor temperature at 9 to 12 DEG C in remote or plateau cold areas.