The invention relates to the field of an oil-gas pipeline system and discloses a method and a device for layout optimization of repair and rush-repair mechanisms so as to solve the technical problem of excessively complex layout optimization of the repair and rush-repair mechanisms in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps of determining data of a plurality of groups of repair and rush-repair mechanisms, wherein the data of each of the plurality of groups of repair and rush-repair mechanisms comprises number and position information of repair and rush-repair centers, number and position information of repair and rush-repair crews and number and position information of repair crews; according to the data of each group of repair and rush-repair mechanisms and a repair and rush-repair mechanism layout optimization model, determining repair and rush-repair data of each group of repair and rush-repair mechanisms; according to the repair and rush-repair data of each group of repair and rush-repair mechanisms, screening to obtain data of a first group of repair and rush-repair mechanisms from N groups of repair and rush-repair mechanisms; according to the data of the first group of repair and rush-repair mechanisms, regulating layout of the current repair and rush-repair mechanisms. The method and the device achieve the technical effect of conveniently and simply implementing layout optimization on the repair and rush-repair mechanisms.