The invention provides a pretreatment method of a lignocellulose raw material, which includes the steps of (1) mixing the crushed lignocellulose raw material with an impregnation liquid, continuing to transport the mixture to a conical screw device; (2) performing continuous kneading, impregnating, steaming, squeezing and dewatering of the raw material with the impregnation liquid in the conical screw device, and controlling a temperature within 120-180 DEG C and the residence time within 3-30 min; (3) continuing to feed the raw material into an equal-diameter screw device and performing secondary steaming, and controlling the temperature within 180-220 DEG C and the residence time within 4-40 min; (4) allowing the raw material to move to a discharge port under the thrust action of a screw and performing steam explosion; and (5) allowing the raw material after steam explosion to enter a cyclone separator to be separated. The method adopts combined technology of segmented temperature control steaming and steam explosion, can remove part of the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation inhibitors before the steam explosion treatment, and also can reduce the inhibitor generation during the hydrolysis of xylose; at the same time, the method realizes the integrated process of continuous feeding, impregnating, squeezing, dewatering, steaming, steam explosion and separating of the pretreatment.