The invention discloses a compression perception-based large visual field image acquiring system and a method thereof and belongs to an image acquiring technology. A target image is input to a 4f system through a beam spread collimation system; on the back focal plane of a first Fourier lens, the spectrum intensity of an incident signal is modulated by using an intensity modulation type spatial light modulator; on the back focal plane of a second Fourier lens, a modulated image is partially recorded, and after the image is input into a computer, the image is subject to convex optimization to be reconstructed. A visual field used in the method is not affected by geometrical imaging optical constraints, large visual field imaging can be realized by adopting a small image sensor with relatively low cost, the system and the method are simple and easy to use, and conversion of one dimensional matrix is not required, so that the time required by an image acquiring process is shorter.