The invention discloses a silicate-cation alkyl glucoside drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of drilling fluids in oilfield chemistry. The silicate-cation alkyl glucoside drilling fluid is prepared by mixing the following materials of 0.1%-0.3% of a fluid pattern regulator, 1%-2.5% of a filtrate reducer A, 1%-3% of a high-temperature-resistant filtrate reducer B, 3%-10% of silicate, 5-8% of alkyl glucoside, 1%-2% of cation alkyl glucoside, 2%-6% of a blocking agent, 5%-15% of an inorganic salt, 0.2%-0.35% of sodium hydroxide, 0-51% of barite and the balance of water according to the mass to volume ratio and then ageing at a high temperature. The drilling fluid provided by the invention can resist the temperature as high as 120 DEG C, the recovery rate of shale is more than 90%, and the blockage rate is more than 90%. The drilling fluid has the advantages of excellent rheological property, lubricity, high temperature resistance, inhibition, sealing ability, clay pollution resistance, and salt tolerance, and helps to keep the borehole diameter regular and keep a borehole wall stable in the drilling process.