The invention discloses an encryption remote control system of a power distribution network. The encryption remote control system of the power distribution network comprises a master station, a safety protection terminal and an FTU terminal, one-way certification communication is carried out between the master station and the terminal by the adoption of an RSA, and the safety protection terminal and the FTU terminal are in communication and connection. The encryption remote control process of the power distribution network comprises the steps that (1), the master station sends a public key message and a modulus message to the safety protection terminal after the terminal is initialized; (2), the master station encrypts a remote control instruction through the RSA to form an RSA remote instruction message and then sends the RSA remote instruction message to the safety protection terminal; (3), the safety protection terminal decrypts and checks the RSA remote instruction message through a public key; (4), if the master station receives an extended definition of checking failure, the master station issues a public key to the terminal again. The safety of a power distribution automatic system is improved, safety management work of the power distribution automatic system is enhanced further, and safety of data transmission inside the power distribution network is guaranteed effectively.