In recent years, business transferred by a communication network is developed to the existing information, such as bearing protection, stability, office automation, video conference and remote control, from the original single voice communication. Main factors for limiting high-speed and long-distance transmission of optical fiber communication are attenuation and chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber in an optical transmission system. An optical fiber attenuation solution technology is improved in recent years, the influence of limitation of chromatic dispersion on high-speed optical fiber communication is even more prominent, and especially the influence of a chromatic dispersion limitation system on a transmission signal is more obvious under the high-speed and long-distance optical cable transmission environment. The invention provides a high-speed optical transmission system for the optical fiber. The high-speed optical transmission system comprises a chromatic dispersion compensation module, wherein the chromatic dispersion compensation module is provided with a chromatic dispersion compensation computation module for computing instant chromatic dispersion compensation in the system, so that the technical problem of instability of the high-speed optical transmission system for the optical fiber, which is caused by dispersion measure fluctuation, is solved.