The invention relates to a treatment method for wastewater containing high-concentration phosphate. The treatment method is characterized in the total phosphorus of effluent is less than 1mg/L by adopting a three-level chemical phosphorus removal process. The treatment method specifically comprises the following steps: adding excessive precipitator into wastewater in a primary reaction pond and adding a settling agent and PAM into a primary flocculation basin to settle; after effluent enters into a secondary reaction pond, putting ozone into the pond to generate undissolved substances and adding the settling agent and PAM into a mixed liquid in a secondary flocculation basin to settle; after effluent enters into a third flocculation basin, adding PAC and PAM for flocculent precipitate so as to remove residual small particle undissolved substances in wastewater so as to further reduce the total phosphorus content of the wastewater; and finally, adjusting the pH value or removing hard substances from the effluent according to demand, wherein the precipitator is calcium chloride and the settling agent is one or more of ground calcium carbonate, quick lime/slaked lime and gypsum powder.