The invention relates to an autonomous electrical power system framework and an operation control method thereof. The autonomous electrical power system framework comprises a control layer, a physical layer and an interfering layer, wherein the physical layer is a practical autonomous electrical power system, and the interfering layer is an interference factor outside a practical autonomous electrical power system. The operation control method includes that an autonomous electrical power system top layer control center sets a top layer target; a target distributing unit resolves the top layer target according to a target instruction and power grid real-time monitoring information; the target distributing unit distributes a sub-target to a corresponding autonomous unit; a base-layer autonomous unit determines and executes an autonomous unit control target, an optimal autonomous area, an autonomous unit coordination scheme and an autonomous operation scheme according to the sub-target; real-time operation states of the autonomous electrical power system are fed back, according to self-requirements, the autonomous unit autonomously achieves self-configuration, self-optimization, self-protection and self-recovery of the autonomous area, and the autonomous unit and the top layer control center check whether the target is achieved.