The invention relates to a short circuit control current limiter device, and belongs to the technical field of electric power systems. The short circuit control current limiter device comprises a current-limiting reactor connected between a power grid system and a user-side load in series and a filter compensation circuit connected to two ends of the current-limiting reactor in parallel, wherein the filter compensation circuit adopts two three-phase rectifiers connected to the direct-current side, and is equivalent to a active power filter added with a static synchronous compensator; when the power grid system works normally, the short circuit control current limiter device achieves an active power filter reactive compensation function, and when the load side is detected to have a short circuit problem, the filter compensation circuit of the device quits operation, the current-limiting reactor Lfcl connected into the circuit in series serves as a large resistor to suppress large current impact when the system is in short circuit and limit the level of the short circuit current within a range that a relay protection device can act reliably without damaging a sensitive load device.