The invention discloses a self-adaptive emergency load shedding method based on voltage drop amplitudes. The self-adaptive emergency load shedding method based on the voltage drop amplitudes comprises the steps that the voltage drop amplitudes of all load nodes of a whole grid are calculated; all the load nodes are ranked according to the voltage drop amplitudes; all the ranked load nodes are cut off in sequence according to the voltage drop amplitudes in a descending order, and load shedding is completed when the total amount of the shed load is equal to the active power loss of the whole grid. According to the self-adaptive emergency load shedding method based on the voltage drop amplitudes, the transient voltage response of a power system is fully considered. Compared with an existing load shedding method, a weak bus in the power grid can be effectively and rapidly selected for load shedding, the number of positions where load shedding is conducted can be adjusted according to the actual condition of the power grid and the active power loss caused when a failure occurs, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristic, existing when serious disturbance happening to the system, of the voltage of all the load nodes is fully considered, the state of the system is effectively controlled, the phenomenon of voltage collapse is avoided, and the stability of the frequency of the power system and the stability of the voltage of the power system are guaranteed.