The invention provides a blue-light and ultraviolet-light enhancing super-continuum spectrum laser device of a full-fiber structure, and belongs to the fields of the laser technology and the non-linear optics. The blue-light and ultraviolet-light enhancing super-continuum spectrum laser device specifically comprises a pumping source, a fiber amplifier and a tapered quartz photonic crystal fiber, wherein the pumping source, the fiber amplifier and the tapered quartz photonic crystal fiber are sequentially connected. The pumping source is a non-linear polarization rotary mode-locked laser device body of the full-fiber structure. The fiber amplifier comprises a single-mode fiber amplifier body and double-clad fiber amplifier bodies. Meanwhile, a quartz photonic crystal fiber is tapered through a fiber drawing tower or a fiber tapering machine to increase blue light contents and ultraviolet light contents in a super-continuum spectrum. The super-continuum spectrum generated through the blue-light and ultraviolet-light enhancing super-continuum spectrum laser device has the advantages of being high in blue light content and ultraviolet light content, good in spectrum flatness, large in spectrum bandwidth and high in coupling efficiency and conversion efficiency.