The invention provides an explosive detection device, which comprises a host machine, a transmission positioning system, a shielding wall and a control system, wherein the control system is connected with the host machine and the transmission positioning device through cables, integrally controls a neutron tube, data collecting systems and the transmission positioning device, and displays detection results in real time; the host machine comprises a neutron source system, a detection system and the data collecting system, wherein the neutron source system comprises the neutron tube and a shielding body of the neutron tube, and the detection system comprises a gamma detector array, a shielding body of the gamma detector array and the data collecting system; detected objects are conveyed to a detection region through the transmission positioning system, the neutron tube is started, gamma signals which are emitted out after passing through the detected objects are sent to the control system through the detector array and the data collecting system, and information of explosives in bags and suitcases is analyzed and obtained. The explosive detection device can be conveniently installed, debugged and maintained, and is suitable for detecting the explosives in the bags and suitcases.