The invention discloses a polishing method for chalcogenide glass optical fibers with protective layers. A piece of polishing paper is driven to rotate by a polishing disk of a polisher to directly frictionally cut a surface to be polished on a chalcogenide glass optical fiber with a protective layer, and in the process of polishing, organic polishing agent and inorganic polishing agent are used for alternately cleaning the polished surface. The polishing method has the advantages that the optical fiber-polishing paper with different diamond particle diameters is arranged on the polishing disk and driven by the polishing disk to rotate to directly frictionally cut the surface to be polished, the organic polishing agent and the inorganic polishing agent are used for alternately cleaning the polished surface in the process of polishing, the inorganic polishing agent can reduce the friction between the surface to be polished and the polishing paper, the organic polishing agent can clean off chips which are produced when the protective layer is cut, so that a lot of chips are effectively prevented from being stuck on the polishing paper to produce cracks on the core of the optical fiber during polishing, and the method can be directly used for polishing the chalcogenide glass optical fibers with the protective layers.