The invention relates to the technical field of subway track laying engineering machines, in particular to a complete machine long-distance transport, loading and unloading device and method of a track laying machine. The complete machine long-distance transport loading and unloading device comprises an upper guide post type cross beam, upper cross beam guide sleeves, positioning bearing hinge pins, longitudinally-moving lead screw nut driving devices, longitudinal beams, supporting leg guide posts, supporting leg guide sleeves, bearing hinge pins, a walking beam, a manual cable drum, transversely-moving lead screw nut driving devices and transport fixing supports. The large-stroke upper guide post type cross beam is adopted in an upper cross beam of the track laying machine, the left end and the right end of the upper guide post type cross beam are sleeved with the upper cross beam guide sleeves respectively, the upper cross beam guide sleeves are connected with supporting leg frame longitudinal beam bolts in a fastening mode, and longitudinal telescopic mechanisms composed of the supporting leg guide sleeves and the supporting leg guide posts are adopted in supporting legs of the track laying machine. Compared with the prior art, the complete machine long-distance transport, loading and unloading device and method have the advantages that the track laying machine does not need to be wholly disassembled, only eight structural lengthening sections which are movably connected are demounted, and therefore labor, time and resources are saved, clash, loss and the like of major components are avoided, and the service life of the track laying machine is prolonged.