The invention belongs to the technical field of field tests of switching operation of a parallel capacitor, and particularly relates to a switching operation test system of a 10 kV parallel capacitor. The switching operation test system of the 10 kV parallel capacitor comprises a signal collecting module, a signal trigger control module and a signal processing module. The signal collecting module is used for collecting voltage and current signals in the switching operation process of the parallel capacitor. The signal trigger control module is used for synchronizing the potential of the signals collected by the signal collecting module, and triggering the signal processing module to collect data. The signal processing module collects and processes voltage and current data, and obtains transient state characteristic data in the switching operation process of the parallel capacitor. The switching operation test system of the 10 kV parallel capacitor can collect the transient state data of the collector and breaker side and the parallel capacitor side, the transient state change characteristics in the switching operation of the 10 kV parallel capacitor can be reflected more comprehensively and more accurately, and more favorable data support is provided for research of the operation transient state process of the 10 kV parallel capacitor.