The invention relates to a method for recycling silicon cutting sand by utilizing countercurrent washing of a silicon cutting waste sand cake, and belongs to the fields of circular economy and energy-saving emission reduction. The method is mainly characterized in that washing and separation functions of a cyclone group are utilized, and a multi-stage countercurrent washing technological process is formed according to purity requirements of a recycled silicon cutting material. The technological process is continuously carried out in closed pipeline equipment, so as to eliminate a recontamination risk of intermediate products; a washing agent is in gradient utilization in different stages, a washing function of the washing agent is fully played, the washing agent is recycled by solid-liquid separation, and thus cyclic utilization of the washing agent is achieved; an alkali washing operation is replaced, consumption of chemical resources is reduced, and thus zero pollution emission is achieved; and the constructed process device has compact structure. Through industrial tests, the purity of the silicon cutting sand recycled by four-stage countercurrent washing reaches more than 80%, the purity of the silicon cutting sand recycled by six-stage countercurrent washing reaches more than 96%, and the purity of the silicon cutting sand can be also improved through further increasing the stage number.