The invention relates to a pantograph real-time monitoring system which comprises a train roof camera, a video cassette recorder, a train controller, a video host and a display screen. The camera is connected with the video cassette recorder, video signals are transmitted by the camera to the video cassette recorder, the train controller and the video host through a coaxial cable, the video signals are then transmitted by the video host to the display screen through an Ethernet cable, and the pantograph state is finally displayed through the display screen in a real-time mode. The pantograph real-time monitoring system can protect the train safety and on-time operation, the aim that in the operation process of a train unit, once pantograph reduction is caused, workers on the train unit can monitor the working state of roof pantographs in real time in a conductor chamber without stopping the train unit for roof ascending checking, reasons of pantograph reduction can be timely and effectively judged, precious time is won for the operation department to solve the problems, and the manpower, the material resources and the financial resources are greatly saved.