The present invention relates to a delayed coking apparatus non-stop production switching method for processing multiple types of raw materials. According to the switching method, a heavy wax oil extraction and collection tank and a circulation oil collection tank are arranged inside a fractionation tower; when raw material oil contains more heavy oil raw materials of lightweight distillate oil, raw material inlet valves b and c are opened, valves a, e and f are closed, a circulation ratio is controlled, and heavy wax oil is discharged from the apparatus or is adopted as nature circulation oil to enter a heating furnace; and when raw materials are poor quality residue oil or deep vacuum distillation residue, or when the circulation ratio operation is reduced for increasing a liquid yield, the raw material inlet valve b is closed, the valve c is opened, the valves a, e and f are opened, the process is switched, and the circulation ratio is controlled. With the method, poor quality residue oil processing through low circulation ratio can be achieved through the simple process switching, the lightweight oil product yield is high, coking resistance is good, production can be switched without production stopping, the process of inner heat exchange of the raw material and the reaction oil gas tower is selected, the process is simple, the energy consumption is low, and the equipment is less.