The invention discloses a common service access device and method adaptable to the services of 1-11 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s and relates to the field of optical fiber communications. The common service access device comprises a control unit, a light input unit, a light output unit, a service input encapsulation unit and a service output encapsulation unit, wherein the control unit is connected with the light input unit, the light output unit, the service input encapsulation unit and the service output encapsulation unit respectively; the light input unit comprises a plurality of light input ports, a plurality of wave separators and a plurality of high-speed electrical interfaces I; the light output unit comprises a plurality of light output ports, a plurality of wave combiners and a plurality of high-speed electrical interfaces II; the light input unit is connected with the service input encapsulation unit through the high-speed electrical interfaces I; the service output encapsulation unit is connected with the light output unit through the high-speed electrical interfaces II. The common service access device and method can be adaptable to the service access of rates and agreements of 1-11 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s, so that the types of the cards are reduced; a series of costs of the cards such as the design cost, the production cost and the engineering cost are lowered.