The invention provides a method for deriving water-quality reference values for human health protection and a water-quality safety evaluation method. The water-quality safety evaluation method comprises the following steps of: when an operation of evaluating whether some water quality is safe is required to be performed, firstly, rapidly obtaining a water-quality reference value for human health protection; and then, analyzing a detected water environment, judging whether the water quality of the detected water environment conforms to the water-quality reference value, if so, determining that the detected water environment is a safe water environment, otherwise, determining that the detected water environment is an unsafe water environment. An operation of evaluating whether the water quality is safe can be performed rapidly and accurately. By using the method for deriving water-quality reference values for human health protection, a derived water-quality reference value for human health protection is more scientific and reasonable, and can provide a scientific basis for the water quality standard formulation, water-quality evaluation and water-quality management of environmental protection administrations.