The invention discloses sodium bicarbonate crystal preparation equipment and a process for preparing sodium bicarbonate crystals by utilizing the same. The equipment comprises a carbonizer, wherein a tail gas absorption section is arranged at the top of the carbonizer; the part (below the tail gas absorption section) is divided into a first reaction zone, a second reaction zone and a third reaction zone in sequence; and a plurality of ring-shaped tower plates are arranged in each reaction zone. The process is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly carrying out first-step carbonization and crystallization, then carrying out crystal-slurry separation on reaction solution and enabling the product to leave from the carbonizer and pass through an ammoniating apparatus for ammoniating so that sodium bicarbonate enters an unsaturated zone; then cooling with water and finally sending sodium bicarbonate back to the carbonizer for further carbonization and crystallization. Therefore, the problem of water cooler scabbing is solved, no standby coolers are needed for alternate operation, the prepared sodium bicarbonate crystals have good crystal form, big particles and low moisture content and the energy consumption of the subsequent calcining procedure is also obviously reduced.