The invention discloses a dual-stage polymer swelling particle dissolving accelerating device with an instant structure ring. The dual-stage polymer swelling particle dissolving accelerating device with the instant structure ring comprises a liquid storage cavity and a stretching mechanism, wherein the stretching mechanism is arranged in the liquid storage cavity; the upper part of the liquid storage cavity is provided with a liquid inlet, and the lower part of the liquid storage cavity is provided with a liquid outlet; the stretching mechanism comprises an upper fixed gear disc, a moving gear disc and a lower fixed gear disc which are matched sequentially from top to bottom; the lower surface of the upper fixed gear disc is provided with concentric circle gear rings a, and each concentric circle gear ring a consists of a plurality of moving gears; the upper surface and the lower surface of the moving gear are provided with concentric circle gear rings b, and each concentric circle gear ring consists of a plurality of moving gears; the upper surface of the lower fixed gear disc is provided with concentric circle gear rings c, and each concentric circle gear ring c consists of lower fixed gears; the moving gears can be meshed and matched with the upper fixed gears and the lower fixed gears; and a drive shaft is connected with a power mechanism. The dissolving device provided by the invention can obtain homogeneous hydrophobic associated polymers in a short time, and can be applied to a polymer flooding technique under high mineralization degree, so that the petroleum recovery efficiency can be improved, and the dissolving device also has the advantages of high treatment amount, light weight, small occupied area and simplicity in installation.