A method for separating and enriching copper in a leachate of an acid leaching sulfide mine tailing relates to a method for separating and enriching copper in a sulfate solution highly containing iron, magnesium and the like. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: adding iron powder to the leachate of the acid leaching sulfide mine tailing for reduction reaction of impurities in the separation process, then adjusting a pH value for precipitation and filtration, adopting ion exchange resin for copper ion adsorption after filtering out solid impurities, and finally carrying out desorption and separation to obtain a copper-bath. According to the method, the separation of copper ions and other metal ions can be effectively realized, thus the copper-bath with the purity and concentration reaching the refining standard is obtained, the enrichment and extraction ratio of copper reaches above 95%, the average concentration of copper ions in the enrichment liquid is above 27.0g/l, and the average concentration of the total iron is below 1.0g/l. The method is used for processing the mine tailing, is short in process and has good economic benefits; the copper mine tailing is recycled; and the environmental benefits are greater.