The invention provides a large-diameter shield tunnel structure provided with a tension chord member. The large-diameter shield tunnel structure comprises a plurality of duct pieces which are connected and jointed into rings through bolts, wherein the rings are connected by virtue of the bolts to form the shield tunnel. The large-diameter shield tunnel structure is further provided with embedded parts or first nuts which are correspondingly embedded in the duct pieces at the haunches on the two sides of the top of the tunnel, respectively, a support connected to each embedded part or each first nut, and more than one tension chord member with the two ends fixedly connected to the support, respectively. The large-diameter shield tunnel structure provided with the tension chord member provided with the tension chord member is capable of reducing the bending moment of the cross section of the shield tunnel, improving the mechanical performance of the shield tunnel structure, improving the durability of the tunnel structure, reducing the gap at the joint of the duct pieces and improving the waterproofness of the joint between the duct pieces of the tunnel structure.