The invention provides an intelligent online monitoring device of partial discharge of a 10 kV distribution cable. The intelligent online monitoring device comprises a pulse current sensor, a pulse voltage sensor, a high-frequency signal cable and a monitoring host, wherein the pulse current sensor and the pulse voltage sensor are clamped on a shield grounding line of the 10 kV distribution cable and is used for monitoring a pulse signal of the shield grounding line; two paths of pulse signals respectively monitored by the pulse current sensor and the pulse voltage sensor are transmitted to a monitoring host respectively through high-frequency signal cables; the monitoring host analyzes the two paths of the pulse signals after the two paths of the pulse signals are monitored and judges whether partial discharge or cable interference of the 10 kV distribution cable exists. For the implementation, the intelligent online monitoring device of the partial discharge of the10 kV distribution cable, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of creatively solving the always existed problems that inner partial discharge, outer noise and mutual interference among multiple cable circuits cannot be identified on the scene of a transformer substation when the cable insulating state is monitored by testing the pulse current on the shield grounding line of the distribution cable on line, and improving monitoring effects as well as work efficiency.