The invention relates to an optimization method of a renewable energy source distribution type power generation operation mode, comprising the following steps of: when determining a distribution type power generation operation mode, carrying out matching analysis on distribution type power generation capacity and a load curve according to factors such as the renewable energy source conditions in a pilot region and regional development planning; carrying out analysis on the feasibility, the advantages and the disadvantages of each of distribution type power generation operation mode, and determining an access scheme and a distribution network power supply scheme of distribution type power generation in different operation modes; calculating a cost composition and an income composition in different operation modes according to boundary conditions, calculation parameters and the like; and taking a time value of money in consider, and calculating a total cost present value, a total income present value, an annual average cost present value, an annual average income present value and an income/cost value PI in the entire life cycle in different operation modes, thereby determining an operation mode with optimal economy. With the adoption of the optimization method, a solid theoretical basis is formulated and established for matching policies related to renewable energy source distribution type power generation and a distribution network.