The invention discloses a separate culture and preservation method of russula vinosa mycorrhizal type edible fungus, which comprises the following steps: picking fresh and mature russula vinosa sporocarp; taking tissue blocks at a gill part of the junction of a stipe and a pileus on the russula vinosa sporocarp, placing the tissue blocks in an improved PDA solid medium containing lactose, vitaminB1 and folic acid for light-tight culture for 3-5 days at room temperature, and germinating to obtain mycelium; placing the mycelium in an improved MN solid medium containing lactose for light-tight culture for 5-7 days at room temperature, and purifying the mycelium; transferring the purified mycelium into a test tube with a rubber cover for light-tight culture for 5-7 days at room temperature; and placing the pollution-free test tube in an environment at 10-15 DEG C for preservation. In the separate culture and preservation method of russula vinosa mycorrhizal type edible fungus, the germination rate of the mycelium of the tissue blocks is as high as above 50%, one-time transferring of the strain preservation time can reach 1 year, and the strain activity lasts for 3 years without degeneration.