The invention provides a rail zone occupation detection system which comprises an upper computer (6) and a plurality of wheel set counting devices (5), wherein the plurality of wheel set counting devices (5) are respectively electrically connected with the upper computer (6); the plurality of wheel set counting devices (5) are used for receiving ends and sending ends that are respectively arranged at rail zones, so that the receiving end and the sending end of each rail zone are both provided with one wheel set counting device (5), and the wheel set counting devices (5) of each rail zone are used for counting wheel sets passing the receiving end and the sending end of the rail zone; and the upper computer (6) is used for collecting the count information of the wheel sets from the wheel set counting devices (5) of each rail zone, judging that whether the rail zone is occupied according to the count information of the wheel sets, and outputting an occupied instruction or a non-occupation instruction according to the judging result. The rail zone occupation detection system can be adopted for accurately judging that whether the rail zone is occupied by a train, is high in reliability and can guarantee the operating safety of railways.