Provided are an upper air anti-collision guardrail module transfer hanging bracket and a construction method. The module transfer hanging bracket comprises a sliding rail on a viaduct bridge and a walking car provided with a plurality of counter weights and inner trusses. The plurality of inner girders are longitudinally connected through connecting rods, and each inner girder is connected with an outer girder with a guard railing through an oblique beam, an upper beam and a lower beam. The outer girder is suspended outside a bridge floor, the lower portion of the outer girder is connected with a horizontal frame, and a slide on the upper beam is slidingly connected two slide bodies connected with electric blocks and steel moulding plate hooks. The plurality of outer girders and horizontal frames are connected through footboards to form an anti-collision guardrail module transfer hanging basket which can enable ten (or more than ten) persons to conduct steel moulding plate concrete pouring operation simultaneously, and movement of a steel moulding plate saves time and is convenient and short in time. An operating platform is reasonable in structure, firm and stable, and workers are safe in working high above the ground. The upper air anti-collision guardrail module transfer hanging bracket is connected through bolts, is convenient in assembly and capable of using in a turnover mode, needs to occupy no roads by adopting the upper air anti-collision guardrail module transfer hanging bracket and the construction method, does not influence passing of vehicles under bridges, and has obvious economic benefits.