The invention relates an optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor-based intelligent temperature measuring composite insulator, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement devices. The composite insulator has a key structure that: optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors are provided with Bragg grating sensing devices aiming at common heating places of the composite insulator and the Bragg grating sensing devices are adhered to the inner surface of a steel cap metal component of the composite insulator, the surface of a glass fiber epoxy resin pulling bar and the lower surface of an umbrella skirt of the composite insulator; the temperature of the composite insulator is monitored in a targeting way; and the external structure of the composite insulator is not influenced according to the characteristics of the composite insulator. The composite insulator fulfills the aim of monitoring the temperature of a porcelain insulator and prevents ambient temperature from influencing detection results.