Provided is an aberration correction device including: an aberration correction element which modulates the phase of an incident light; and a position adjusting unit which can shift the aberration correction element in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the incident light. The aberration correction element is formed by a first aberration correction plate and a second aberration correction plate which differentiate the phase of the transmitted light depending on the transmission position of the incident light having an identical phase. The aberration correction element has a reference arrangement as the arrangement of the first aberration correction plate and the second aberration correction plate where the light which has transmitted through the aberration correction element has an identical phase. The position adjusting unit includes a mechanism for moving the first aberration correction plate and the second aberration correction plate in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis and a point Oa and a point Ob in the reverse direction to each other from the reference arrangement wherein Oa is the point on the first aberration correction plate intersecting the optical axis in the reference arrangement and Ob is the point on the second aberration correction plate intersecting the optical axis.