The invention discloses a millisecond rapid cooling device applied to a coal pyrolysis process of plasmas, and the device belongs to the field of coal chemical industry, and is used for the millisecond rapid cooling of high-temperature gas/gas-liquid/gas-solid/gas-liquid-solid multiphase mixtures. The device disclosed by the invention comprises a plasma generator, a plasma reactor, a plasma rapidcooling device and cooling medium nozzles, wherein the transversal surfaces of the plasma rapid cooling device are in the shape of two-dimensional closed figures including but not limited to oval; and the cooling medium nozzles are respectively arranged on the transversal surfaces (in same or different heights) of the inner wall of the cooling device, and uniformly or non-uniformly distributed onthe transversal surfaces of the cooling device according to different cooling effects. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of shortening the distance that the cooling medium enters a high-temperature area, improving the cooling efficiency, having no amplification effect in the process of amplification; combining chemical cooling with physical cooling, and improving the comprehensive value of the process.