The invention discloses vertical coal decomposing equipment, comprising a sealed kiln body with a feeding hole and a discharge hole, wherein the kiln body is provided with a flame gas pipe heating mechanism; coal propelling and decomposing channels are formed between the flame gas pipe heating mechanism and the inner wall of the kiln body; and a coal decomposed gas collecting pipe communicated with the coal propelling and decomposing channels is arranged on the kiln body. As the equipment conducts and radiates vast heat generated by the flame gas pipe heating mechanism on the coal dust in thecoal propelling and decomposing channels, the coal dust fully absorbs the heat and is heated and decomposed into gases, tar gases and coal with higher heat value in the coal propelling and decomposing channels, the gases and tar gases are connected with a gas dedusting and liquefying mechanism outside the rotary kiln by the coal decomposed gas collecting pipe, and the gases and tar gases obtainedthrough decomposition are collected, dedusted, separated and liquefied under pressure.