The invention relates to a gelatin-chitosan-hyaluronic acid-heparan sulfate composite three-dimensional stent and a preparation method thereof. The gelatin-chitosan-hyaluronic acid-heparan sulfate porous three-dimensional composite stent is prepared by mixing gelatin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate in different ratios to obtain mixtures at different concentrations and freeze-dryingthe mixtures. The pore diameter, porosity, degradation, water absorption and the like of the stent can be regulated and controlled through each component content and freeze drying condition and can meet the basic requirement of a stent material. The stent can be used for the study of the growth, propagation and differentiation of NS/PCs. Through the hyaluronic acid, cells are distributed in the stent uniformly, and the heparan sulfate can bond growth factors, so that the growth propagation condition of the cells is similar to in-vivo condition; and the composite stent contains more functionalgroups such as amino groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, sulfo groups, amide groups and the like, and is suitable for the conglutination, growth, propagation and the like of the cells.