The invention relates to a belt drive and bevel gear drive combined rotary cultivator which comprises a suspension bracket, a stand, an operating cutter, a cutter shaft assembly, a gear drive assembly, a universal joint and a power input shaft, wherein the operating cutter and the cutter shaft assembly are installed on the stand; the universal joint is connected with a tractor; the gear drive assembly is connected with the operating cutter and the cutter shaft assembly; the rotary cultivator is characterized by being provided with a belt drive assembly; the gear drive assembly is a bevel gear drive assembly; the driving belt wheel of the belt drive assembly is installed on the power input shaft; the driven belt wheel of the belt drive assembly is in drive connection with the bevel gear drive assembly through a drive shaft; and the operating cutter and the cutter shaft assembly are a rotary cultivation cutter and a cutter shaft assembly and/or a stubble breaking cutter and a cutter shaft assembly The invention has the advantages of scientific and reasonable structure, easy production and manufacture, low cost and high transmission efficiency, reduces the power consumption on power transfer, relieves the complete weight of a single-shaft rotary cultivator, and can ensure the compact transfer structure of the rotary cultivator.