The invention provides a chemical polymerization process for forming a solid electrolyte layer on a solid electrolytic capacitor, which comprises the following steps of: oxidizing solution soaking: soaking the surface of an anode body on which an oxidation film medium is formed in an oxidizing solution for a certain time; monomer solution soaking: soaking the surface of the anode body in a monomer solution for a certain time; and circularly repeating the oxidizing solution soaking step and the monomer solution soaking step multiple times, wherein the soaking time in the oxidizing solution soaking step is 0.5-1 minute, the soaking time in the monomer solution soaking step is 1-2 minutes, and the number of circularly repeating times is 2-4. The electrolytic capacitor produced by the chemical polymerization process for forming a solid electrolyte layer on a solid electrolytic capacitor has better properties, the time spent on the preparation process is greatly shortened, the process flow is simplified, and the efficiency of the preparation process is improved.